【Spain Bilbao Guggenheim Museum】

【About】
Spain Bilbao Guggenheim Museum (the Bilbao Guggenheim Museum)
By the California architect Frank Gehry (FFrank O. Gehry) design, in 1997, opening it to the Chi Mei modeling, and the specific structure of the new material immediately won worldwide attention. In the 1990s, the construction of human creative Canruo Xing, Bilbao Guggenheim Museum is undoubtedly the greatest belong to the list, with the Sydney Opera House, they are the future of the world comes in advance of construction, which is not a matter of where Inter-language poem written on the city.
The total area of the museum covers an area of 24,000 square meters, the exhibition space of 11,000 square meters, there are divided into the Exhibition Hall, 19, an art gallery or one of the world's largest, with an area of 130 meters multiplied by 30 meters square. Museum of the whole structure of the body by using a set of architects for the aerodynamics of the use of computer software designed step by step. Museum of building materials in the use of glass, steel and limestone, is also part of the surface coating of titanium metal, and the city's long-standing tradition of shipbuilding echoed.
【Hall reason】

Bilbao, Spain (Bilbao), founded in 1300, as a result of excellent port and gradually flourished, rule the roost in Spain during the sea as a major port city, Rijianshuaila the beginning of the 17th century. The 19th century, producing iron ore and revitalized, but after the mid-20th century, the decline again, a flood in 1983 to more serious destruction of the old city, the city even worse, the trend difficult to draft, although every effort has had no effective solution. In the early 1990s, Bilbao has become Europe's de facto Jiejie tiny town, were it not for the city team in the Primera Liga is still in place, the vast majority of human life may be heard out in the name of the city.
For urban revitalization plan, the city government to complete the development of tourism resolution, but not a long history of the city, were not the first ring, not odd customs, scenery poor, and poor old famous track, a variety of tourism resources may be available on January 1, How to attract outside tourists who come to be the number one problem. Q multi-dollars, has finally decided to build a museum of modern art, many art lovers hope Europe's cultural journey. The New York Guggenheim Museum of modern art to the collection for the city, the Foundation had to expand Europe's Zhang Yi, the two hit it off, to create a new museum of contemporary art into a miracle. As a result, the museum has become the industrial city of Bilbao as a whole urban renewal plan for a ring, and million dollar construction cost.
About】 【Architects

Los Angeles architect Frank Gehry's avant-garde architecture has a proven track record, with bold, said the rebels of the design not only to subvert almost all of the classic architectural aesthetic principles, but also swept through the modern architecture, especially the international style building with the taboos of platitudes.
By Los Angeles city and the local cultural characteristics of the radical artist, Gary is determined to explore the early construction of barbed wire, wave plates, processing the crude metal plates, and other low-cost building materials in the use of collage and take, mixed and home, dislocation , The fuzzy boundary to center, non-hierarchical, non-sexual orientation and other means to challenge the established people's values and construction have been tied to their imagination. His work in the construction sector has been caused uproar, the love of those who praise for the genius of those who hate to destroy the waste, then, as always, Gary, creativity surging, irresistible. In the end, more and more people to build a tolerant, understanding the cover, and growing awareness of Gehry's creation of value for the world.
In 1989, a full 60-year-old Fran k Gehry has been awarded the construction of the international community's top award - Pritzker Architecture Prize, this time, he has a rebellious youth into a gray elderly, have been accomplished despite the reputation Qinggai time, but he never stopped to the possibility of building a new question, never ceased to free arrival into the depths of the pace. As a result the beginning of 1991, designed the Guggenheim Museum Bilbao, Gehry has become old age of 1898, jumped to a higher realm of creating an important opportunity.
【Architectural design】

The museum site in the city's gateway - the edge of the old city, within Villon south bank of the regional art, a complete access to the city's main channel through an elevated base of the iceberg, from the northern route into the city.
Villon from the inside view to the north bank of the city, the museum is the most eye-catching in the first layer of the waterfront landscape. In the face of such an important and challenging of the lot, Gary gives a construction date in the history of the boldest answer: the entire building by a group of outside review of the titanium plate irregular surface-double combination of the amount in the form and Human building's past practice has nothing to do all involved, from the ultra-accustomed to any construction experience. Gary in the magic of command, construction, the chapter has been solidified by several thousand mobile music once again, play sound shocking.
In the territorial waters of the north side, in order to cover a longer horizontal movements of the three exhibition halls echoed to the level of the river flow and a sense of the larger-scale relations. To the North because the reasons for backlighting, the main facade of the building all day long in the shadows, Gehry building would be smart to deal with skin in all directions into a double-curved surface, such as the angle of sunlight changes in the construction of all surface will have Changing effects of light and shade, to avoid a large-scale construction in the north to the sense of boring.
On the south side of the main entrance, and as a result of the 19th century in the old areas of the building is only one street, the break to take the volume of construction-scale transition to coordinate with the method. Even better is that Gehry to address the viaduct and its museums under construction conflict will be building an elevated road across the bottom and on the other side of the bridge in the design of a high tower, so that the construction of the viaduct have taken form, Han satisfied trend, And then into the city. As a link to an elevated road, will cover building Peiran Mo Royal exuberant vitality of radiation into the depths of the city.
Museum of interior design is extremely exciting, especially at the entrance to the courtyard design, Gehry has been called the threw the hat in the air out of joy, it created a high-ever direct do not have the space to break the simple geometric order of Powerful impact, Cascading surface ups and downs, rushing up, light pouring down, people's well being, is another feast for the eyes, can not refer to one hundred. There is in the court, people have been mobilized to participate in all the arts carnival prepared on the experience of Yongchang and bid farewell to the ferry. In view of Wright in New York Guggenheim Museum of Art exhibits the design of a lack of respect the lessons of Gehry's design exhibition hall of static-simple, easy to create a work of art for the Habitat.
【The construction of praise and controversy】
In 1996 the Pritzker Architecture Prize Laureate, Professor at Harvard University, the famous Spanish architect Rafael Moni Ou its heartfelt admiration: There is no human construction of the building as a masterpiece to the general as the flame burning.
This works in surplus over the kind of coincide in the culture of Spain, both also arouse the quiet poetry of not only the dumping of thousands of people around the world, has impressed many wit h Gehry on the bias architect. Of course, should be the happiest people in the city of Bilbao, the cool breeze from that day, flew Riying, the entire museum as a result of the flow of time, turned into a strange and camouflage, Lin Bo mighty river, lighting up and down one by one with the whole Yi Yi cities with a flicker of building up and dance, they have forgotten the suffering of the city's past, I do not know what Jin Xi Xi?

【西班牙畢爾巴鄂古根海姆博物館】

【簡介】
西班牙畢爾巴鄂古根海姆博物館（the Bilbao Guggenheim Museum）
由美國加州建筑師弗蘭克?蓋里（FFrank O.Gehry）設(shè)計(jì)，在1997年正式落成啟用，它以奇美的造型、特異的結(jié)構(gòu)和嶄新的材料立刻博得舉世矚目。在20世紀(jì)90年代人類建筑燦若星河的創(chuàng)造中，畢爾巴鄂古根海姆博物館無疑屬于最偉大之列，與悉尼歌劇院一樣，它們都屬于未來的建筑提前降臨人世，屬于不是用凡間語言寫就的城市詩篇。
該博物館全部面積占地24000平方米，陳列的空間則有11000平方米，分成十九個展示廳，其中一間還是全世界最大的藝?yán)戎?，面積為130米乘以30米見方。整個博物館結(jié)構(gòu)體是由建筑師藉助一套為空氣動力學(xué)使用的電腦軟件逐步設(shè)計(jì)而成。博物館在建材方面使用玻璃、鋼和石灰?guī)r，部分表面還包覆鈦金屬，與該市長久以來的造船業(yè)傳統(tǒng)遙相呼應(yīng)。
【建館緣由】
西班牙畢爾巴鄂市（Bilbao）始建于1300年，因優(yōu)良的港口而逐漸興盛，在西班牙稱雄海上的年代成為重要的海港城市，17世紀(jì)開始日漸衰落。19世紀(jì)時，因出產(chǎn)鐵礦而重新振興，但20世紀(jì)中葉以后再次式微，1983年的一場洪水更將其舊城區(qū)嚴(yán)重摧毀，整個城市雪上加霜，頹勢難挽，雖百般努力卻苦無良策。九十年代初，畢爾巴鄂已淪為歐洲藉藉無名的蕞爾小城，若非該市球隊(duì)在西甲聯(lián)賽中尚占有一席之地，絕大部分人可能終身無緣聞該市之名。
為城市復(fù)興大計(jì)，畢市政府決議發(fā)展旅游業(yè)，但該市歷史不長、名頭不響、風(fēng)俗不奇、景色不佳，兼乏名人舊跡，各種可能的旅游資源一一欠奉，如何吸引外埠人士前來觀光成為頭號難題。多方問計(jì)之下，終于決定興建一家現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)博物館，寄希望于歐洲眾多藝術(shù)愛好者的“文化苦旅”。而紐約古根海姆博物館向?yàn)槭詹噩F(xiàn)代藝術(shù)的重鎮(zhèn)，其基金會早有向歐洲拓張之意，雙方一拍即合，要將新的博物館營造成當(dāng)代的藝術(shù)奇跡。于是，博物館成為工業(yè)城畢爾巴鄂整個都市更新計(jì)劃中的一環(huán)，并斥資一億美金動工興建。
【建筑師簡介】

洛杉磯建筑師弗蘭克?蓋里的建筑向來以前衛(wèi)、大膽著稱，其反叛性的設(shè)計(jì)風(fēng)格不僅顛覆了幾乎全部經(jīng)典建筑美學(xué)原則，也橫掃現(xiàn)代建筑，尤其是“國際式”建筑的清規(guī)戒律與陳詞濫調(diào)。
深受洛杉磯城市文化特質(zhì)及當(dāng)?shù)丶みM(jìn)藝術(shù)家的影響，蓋里早期的建筑銳意探討鐵絲網(wǎng)、波形板、加工粗糙的金屬板等廉價材料在建筑上的運(yùn)用，并采取拼貼、混雜、并置、錯位、模糊邊界、去中心化、非等級化、無向度性等各種手段，挑戰(zhàn)人們既定的建筑價值觀和被捆縛的想像力。其作品在建筑界不斷引發(fā)軒然大波，愛之者譽(yù)之為天才，恨之者毀之為垃圾，蓋里則一如既往，創(chuàng)造力洶涌澎湃，勢不可擋。終于，越來越多的人容忍了蓋里，理解了蓋里，并日益認(rèn)識到蓋里的創(chuàng)作對于這個世界的價值。
1989年，整整60歲的弗蘭克?蓋里榮獲了國際建筑界的頂級大獎――普利茨克建筑獎，這時，他已從一個叛逆的青年變成一位蒼蒼長者，盡管已功成名就，聲譽(yù)傾蓋一時，但他從來沒有停止過向新的建筑可能性的追問，沒有停止過向自由深處抵? ??的步伐。于是1991年開始設(shè)計(jì)的畢爾巴鄂古根海姆博物館，成為蓋里“晚年變法”，躍升到更高創(chuàng)作境界的重要契機(jī)。
【建筑設(shè)計(jì)】

該博物館選址于城市門戶之地――舊城區(qū)邊緣、內(nèi)維隆河南岸的藝術(shù)區(qū)域，一條進(jìn)入畢市的主要高架通道穿越基地一角，是從北部進(jìn)入城市的必經(jīng)之路。
從內(nèi)維隆河北岸眺望城市，該博物館是最醒目的第一層濱水景觀。面對如此重要而富于挑戰(zhàn)性的地段，蓋里給出了一個迄今為止建筑史上最大膽的解答：整個建筑由一群外覆鈦合金板的不規(guī)則雙曲面體量組合而成，其形式與人類建筑的既往實(shí)踐均無關(guān)涉，超離任何習(xí)慣的建筑經(jīng)驗(yàn)之外。在蓋里魔術(shù)般的指揮下，建筑，這一章已凝固了數(shù)千年的音樂又重新流動起來，奏出令人瞠目結(jié)舌的聲響。
在鄰水的北側(cè)，蓋里以較長的橫向波動的三層展廳來呼應(yīng)河水的水平流動感及較大的尺度關(guān)系。因?yàn)楸毕蚰婀獾脑?，建筑的主立面終日將處于陰影中，蓋里聰明地將建筑表皮處理成向各個方向彎曲的雙曲面，這樣，隨著日光入射角的變化，建筑的各個表面都會產(chǎn)生不斷變動的光影效果，避免了大尺度建筑在北向的沉悶感。
在南側(cè)主入口處，由于與19世紀(jì)的舊區(qū)建筑只有一街之隔，故采取打碎建筑體量過渡尺度的方法與之協(xié)調(diào)。更妙的是，蓋里為解決高架橋與其下的博物館建筑沖突的問題，將建筑穿越高架路下部，并在橋的另一端設(shè)計(jì)了一座高塔，使建筑對高架橋形成抱攬、涵納之勢，進(jìn)而與城市融為一體。以高架路為紐帶，蓋里將這棟建筑沛然莫御的旺盛生命活力輻射入城市的深處。
博物館的室內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì)極為精彩，尤其是入口處的中庭設(shè)計(jì)，被蓋里稱為“將帽子扔向空中的一聲歡呼”，它創(chuàng)造出以往任何高直空間都不具備的、打破簡單幾何秩序性的強(qiáng)悍沖擊力，曲面層疊起伏、奔涌向上，光影傾瀉而下，直透人心，使人目不暇給，百不能指其一。在此中庭下，人們被調(diào)動起全部參與藝術(shù)狂歡的心理準(zhǔn)備，踏上與庸常經(jīng)驗(yàn)告別的渡口。有鑒于賴特在紐約古根海姆博物館設(shè)計(jì)中對藝術(shù)展品不夠尊重的教訓(xùn)，蓋里的展廳設(shè)計(jì)簡潔靜素，為藝術(shù)品創(chuàng)造一個安逸的棲所。
【有關(guān)建筑的贊譽(yù)和爭議】
1996年普利茲克建筑獎得主、哈佛大學(xué)教授、西班牙著名建筑師拉斐爾?莫尼歐對它由衷嘆服道：“沒有任何人類建筑的杰作能像這座建筑一般如同火焰在燃燒?！?br> 這個作品中盈溢的那種暗合于西班牙文化的、既激揚(yáng)又沉靜的詩意，不僅傾倒了全世界的萬千民眾，也折服了無數(shù)對蓋里滿懷偏見的建筑師。當(dāng)然，最幸福的應(yīng)屬畢爾巴鄂市的居民，當(dāng)天起涼風(fēng)，日影飛去，整個博物館因光陰的流轉(zhuǎn)而幻化出奇異的迷彩，河面粼波浩蕩，光影上下相逐，整座城市隨一棟熠熠閃爍的建筑舞蹈起來的時候，他們是否已淡忘了城市痛苦的過去，不知今夕何夕？

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